Tag Archives: immunosuppressant

A primer on immunosuppressive medications for eczema from a parent’s point of view-cyclosporine, azathioprine and methotrexate

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I am really sorry for not having written anything for a really long time now. I have been busy with my Functional Medicine Health Coaching Course (from the US based Functional Medicine Coaching Academy) and my Dietetics and Nutrition course. The Health Coaching course has been an immensely enjoyable and fulfilling experience and I become a Certified Health Coach next month! I will write more on that next time. This post is about something else.

I have written quite a while back on a comparison between 2 immunosuppressive medications that my daughter has been on earlier on. In this post, I want to write about one more immunosuppressive medication that my daughter has been on since the past couple of years and it is called methotrexate.

Before I go any further though, I would like to out some things in perspective. Since these medications are very powerful and potent drugs, these medications are the last line of treatment for Atopic Dermatitis. They do not “cure” eczema, they are given to manage severe eczema which are not being managed by other lines of treatment. These are usually given for many months or years depending upon the patient’s condition. These medications are not given to any patient, child or adult, unless all other forms of treatment (moisturisers, topical steroids, narrow band UVB, wet wrapping, oral steroids) have failed to reduce suffering due to severe eczema or even bring it under control.

Also, I would like to mention that while we certainly had no choice in giving our daughter these medications, initially I did not know that there was anything other way that we could bring her very severe eczema under control. However, I am really happy to say that this is no longer the case and if you have been following my blog posts you will know what I am talking about her Functional Medicine treatment. I would also like to mention here that my daughter’s condition is much better now. We have lowered her dosage and are looking at hopefully gradually continue to lower and finally discontinuing her medication in the near future. But I will cover that in my next post.

A few things which are common to all these types of medication are as given below-

  • they need to given and monitored regularly by health professionals to monitor for adverse side effects
  • dosages and frequency are different for each drug and must be followed meticulously
  • since these medications work by suppressing the immune system, precautions must be taken to limit exposure to infections
  • usually live vaccinations are not given to patients (children) who are on these medications

Cyclosporine and our experience

Cyclosporine was our first introduction to immunosuppressive medications in 2012. Aiyana was already on oral steroids at that time to manage her very severe eczema which had escalated beyond control and she initially needed an a fast acting intervention like oral steroids. The doctors prescribed cyclosporine as the systemic drug to help manage her severe eczema.

Cyclosporine works by blocking the body’s inflammatory process which can reduce itching and rashes. After about 6 months of being on this medication in 2012, we switched to azathioprine in 2013 as recommended by another dermatologist. However, we had to come back to this medication once again in mid 2013 since azathioprine had a disastrous effect on her health. She was on cyclosporine for another year till we switched over to the third immunosuppressive medication methotrexate in late 2104.

A word of caution

However like any other such drug, the side effects of cyclosporine are many and in particular it can affect the kidney and blood pressure adversely. Hence, regular blood tests need to be carried out to determine kidney function in particular and to monitor other health parameters.

Research

Cyclosporin in the treatment of severe atopic dermatitis: a retrospective study- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15175770

Azathioprine and our experience

Azathioprine was the second medication that we used to manage our daughter’s eczema. She had already been on cyclosporine for a year and a half and the doctors wanted to get her off cyclosporine since it clearly had not been very effective in managing her eczema very well.

Azathioprine is another type of immunosuppressive medication which is used for many autoimmune conditions including atopic dermatitis. It was originally developed to prevent infections due to transplanted organs like the kidneys. It takes longer than cyclosporine to take effect and is not used for acute cases of eczema due to the time taken. Since one of the main side effects of azathioprine is bone marrow suppression, a blood test measuring an enzyme called TPMT (anthiopurine methyltransferase). Those with low levels of TPMT are unable to break down azathioprine in the normal way and are at high risk of dangerous bone marrow suppression. Hence, those with very low levels of TPMT are not given this medication.

A word of caution 

However, as we realised to our dismay, just getting the TPMT levels tested and taking a decision of giving azathioprine to someone may not work out as planned at all. And we also learned a HUGE lesson in terms of how things can go terribly wrong even when all known rules and protocol are followed. Our daughter was one of the outliers who suffered from the disastrous side effects of azathioprine inspite of having completely normal and within range TPMT levels. Infact, it was this experience that led me to search extensively another form of intervention for her. I have written about this in details in my earlier blog posts- https://eczema-anindianperspective.com/2013/10/27/the-tough-get-going-part-2/. 

Azathioprine can have a host of side effects apart from the bone marrow and can also affect the liver adversely.  Tests are done regularly to ensure liver, bone marrow and other organs are working properly.  Any symptoms like hair loss, flu like symptoms and any others should be looked into immediately.

Research-

A retrospective evaluation of azathioprine in severe childhood atopic eczema- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12174104

Methotrexate and our experience

Methotrexate was the third immunosuppressive medication that our daughter was prescribed in 2014 and she is still on this medication as of now. This drug has worked for her pretty well and she is now on a reduced dosage. With a very good response to the Functional Medicine treatment which is now finally showing its impact after being on this treatment for almost 2 years.

Methotrexate is actually a drug used mainly for treating psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis. Methotrexate belongs to a class of drugs known as antimetabolites and also works by suppressing the immune system.

A word of warning

Methotrexate can also cause some serious side effects by affecting the bone marrow, liver or lungs and once again regular blood tests are a must to monitor the effects of this medication.

Research

http://www.mdedge.com/edermatologynews/article/100861/atopic-dermatitis/wcd-methotrexate-found-safer-less-effective

The other side of the story

While I have given above an account of our experiences with the various drugs, I would also like to point out the other side of the story- these drugs help save many lives. The primary objective of these medicines is to suppress the immune system. They improve the chances of a patient to successfully undergo an organ transplant by preventing the organ getting rejected by the immune system. These medications are also used in other conditions like severe eczema, rheumatoid arthritis and other conditions as well where the immune system is involved. No matter what the reason for taking these medications, these medications should be taken only if prescribed by a qualified medical professional and should be monitored regularly under his care.  

 

Just show up…

Show up

As someone once said, “sometimes the bravest and the most important thing you can do is just show up“. This is especially true when we really do not like the turn our life has taken. It is true when we want to find a better way of dealing with our problems but we do not have a choice right at that moment and so we go along with it. This is what it feels like for us when we give our daughter these medications. But I know that I am doing the right thing for her at this moment and at the same time I also know that I am doing whatever it takes to hopefully enable her to lead a healthy life without depending on any medications.

But whether I succeed in this or not, I will always know that I never shied away for showing up for whatever life has to offer us. This is what enables us to deal with eczema and its effect in our lives. This is also what makes life seem so enjoyable and memorable for all of us and is so much more than any difficult circumstances, illness and medication.

 

 

A summary of some of the regular reatments for eczema

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Eczema - Printed Diagnosis on Blue Background and Medical Composition - Stethoscope, Pills and Syringe. Medical Concept. Blurred Image.

I have been writing about our experiences with eczema (or more specifically Atopic Dermatitis) for almost 2 years now. I have written about the various treatments we have tried in various posts but I realised that I have not really written in details and in a comprehensive manner about the first, second line and third line treatments that are usually used to treat eczema.

(Please note: I will refer to Atopic Dermatitis as eczema in my post from here on to simplify matters)

In this post I have written about the regular medical treatment that is used once the moisturisers alone are not able to control the inflammation. Moisturisers are an essential part of the treatment for eczema and works very well in mild forms but may not be sufficient to bring the eczema under control once the skin becomes red and inflamed in moderate to severe eczema. I have myself been confused at times with the myriad topical, steroidal and non steroidal creams that are prescribed by the doctors at various points in time. Then there are also the oral steroid medications and different immunosuppressants and phototherapy treatment that we have used to control flare ups. I believe it would help a lot of parents (and those adults suffering from eczema) if they had some idea about the basics of the different types of treatments and medications that they may be using on their child or even on themselves. It would definitely help in controlling and reducing the side effects that some of these strong medications can have on a person if not used properly.

Topical steroids

Steroid cream.

Topical corticosteroids are prescribed by the doctor/dermatologist when the skin becomes red and inflamed and the eczema does not clear up in spite of maintaining a healthy and regular bathing and moisturising routine. The topical corticosteroids range from very mild to very potent and you should be very careful in following the doctor’s instructions in using the same for your child both in terms of quantity and duration. This is especially true for young children and babies. In any case, the topical corticosteroids are prescribed only when the risks from eczema far outweigh the risks from the side effects of using these medicines. When a child suffering from eczema is unable to sleep at night due to incessant itching and thus starts affecting daily life at school and home, there is a risk of infection due to the cuts and inflamed skin, it is wise to use steroid creams/ointments as per the doctor’s advice till the time the rashes have gone.

Some important points to remember while using these medications-

  • One should start using the lowest potency steroid and only step up if required
  • Topical steroids are most effective if applied immediately after a bath but should only be applied on affected areas and not as a moisturiser
  • One should follow the doctor’s advice on the frequency of application (usually twice a day is more than enough on severely inflamed skin) and should start tapering off as instructed instead of stopping abruptly
  • Step up and the step down method (in terms of potency and frequency of steroid) needs to be maintained while using the topical steroids to keep the risks of side effects of these medications as low as possible
  • One should avoid using these medications on the face and other sensitive areas and this is all the more true for children who have very sensitive and delicate skin

Given below are the various common (but certainly not exhaustive) topical corticosteroid creams/ointments that are available in India (and ones I am most familiar with) and their potency

  • Low potency– Hydrocortisone creams (1%) are available as an OTC (over the counter) medicine in various forms like cream, ointment and lotions. This is the least potent amongst all the topical steroids but still should be used with caution especially for a child. This is especially true since this is easily available and one can unknowingly use this as a moisturiser without realising that it is still a steroid cream/ointment
  • Mild to mid potency– Steroidal creams/ointments like Desonide, Mometasone fuorate and Fluticasone propionate are available at the lower to mid end of the potency spectrum. These are brands like Desowen, Momate/Elocon and Flutivate brands in India for the respective steroidal creams/ointments respectively. The doctors will prescribe a particular steroidal cream based on the level of inflammation and rashes
  • Potent to highly potent– Steroidal creams like Betamethasone dipropionate and Halobetasol propionate are at the potent end of the corticosteroidal creams/ointment. In India we have brands like Fucibet (which also includes fucidic acid which is an antibacterial medication) and Halovate which include these steroids respectively.

You should also know there is an overlap in these topical medications since they are usually available in both cream and ointment forms and the potency for the same dosage will differ based on the form. The cream form has roughly half water and half oil, they spread easily, are well absorbed and usually wash off with water. Ointments on the other had are about 80% oil and 20% water and are thus “occlusive” which means they trap moisture and help in better absorption of the main component. Being occlusive, an ointment will allow the medication to get absorbed much more completely than a cream and hence are more potent at the same dosage as a cream.  

https://www.psoriasis.org/sublearn03_mild_potency

Application and side effects

Topical corticosteroids should be used in a step up manner in terms of increasing potency starting from a low potency and only moving up if required. Usually the doctor will prescribe the milder ones like desonide cream (brand name- Desowen) and only graduate to a stronger medication like Fucibet if required later on. Similarly, once the rashes have been brought under control, one should use the step down method both in terms of potency as well as frequency as per the doctor’s instructions.

As mentioned earlier, these medications should only be applied on affected areas and not as a  moisturiser. However, sometimes the rashes may be quite widespread all over the body. In that case, the doctor may prescribe a 1:4 ratio of a mild potency steroid like desowen to an emollient like cetraban which is then mixed thoroughly and applied all over the affected areas.

Side effects from these steroidal creams are varied and depends on the age of the person, the frequency of application, the potency of the drug amongst other factors. The thinning of the skin or skin atrophy is one such side effect which can take place if potent to highly potent steroidal creams are applied too frequently or without any break. However, one can avoid this and other side effects by following the doctor’s instructions for using this treatment and thus using this treatment as and when required, in the required quantity and for an appropriate duration. The other thing to keep in mind that in case of excessive scratching due constant itchiness in case of under medication, the skin tends to become thick and discoloured. Thus the treatment needs to be carried out in a timely manner under the supervision of a doctor and the instructions should be properly followed to minimise the side effects.

(Further reading-http://www.eczema.org/corticosteroids)

Calcineurin inhibitors

Another type of topical treatment available for eczema is the group of medications known as Calcineurin inhibitors. These are non-steroidal immunomodulators and are of 2 types- pimecrolimus 1% (Pacroma and Elidel) and tacrolimus 0.3% (Protopic). These topical medications work by suppressing the immune system and are usually prescribed to children over 2 years of age and adults and are recommended for use as a second line treatment for eczema.pacroma-cream

As with steroidal medications, these type of immunomodulators should also be applied only when prescribed by the doctor and for the recommended duration of time. Even though it does not have the side effects like thinning of the skin which is associated with steroidal treatments, one still has to be cautious while using these medications since they are relatively new medications and not much is known about their long term usage. There is a possible risk of skin cancer only in the long run after prolonged usage but it is still advisable to apply these creams at night to avoid sunlight exposure. These medications are also prescribed for eczema on the face (unlike topical steroids) and are prescribed for moderate to severe eczema only when the combination of topical steroids and emollients have not been successful.

(Further reading- http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK45568/

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14693489)

Phototherapy or Narrow band UVB

Another treatment that is prescribed once the topical treatments have not really worked for a person in controlling the eczema is phototherapy. It is used as a safer alternative to avoid using  the third line treatments of  the powerful immunosuppressive medications like azathioprine, methotrexate and cyclosporine.

In this treatment light or a particular narrow band of Ultraviolet rays are used to treat the eczema which is beneficial for skin diseases. It can be used both for localised as well as general areas of the skin covering the entire body. This treatment works effectively for some people but not for everyone and usually takes about 1 to 2 months to show the desire results. If this treatment is effective then it can effectively put the eczema in remission for a while at least. It may also minimise the usage of topical steroids and there its side effects.

Phototherapy is carried out in a special booth filled with UV rays for general treatment of eczema all over the body and hand-held devices for treatment of specific areas like hands, ankles etc. Nowadays, a high intensity phototherapy treatment is available in the form of a laser called Excimer. It is much more powerful than the regular phototherapy and emits Ultraviolet rays of a particular frequency which is used to treat different skin conditions like eczema, psoriasis etc. It is given in the form of a hand-held gadget and takes much less time than a regular phototherapy due to the high intensity of the rays and is more useful for treatment for localised areas of the body. However, one needs to be careful in protecting the eyes when undergoing this treatment. The risks associated with prolonged treatment are skin burns, increased ageing and increased risk of skin cancer. Like any other such treatment this has to be carried out under the supervision of a medical professional and all the instructions need to be followed carefully. (I have written about our experience with phototherapy in my blog post https://eczema-anindianperspective.com/2013/10/17/when-the-going-gets-tough-part-1/).

(This treatment is currently offered in the Comprehensive Skin Care Clinic run by senior pediatric dermatologist Dr Manish Shah in South Mumbai and the website is http://www.cscc.co.in/)

Oral Steroids

Steroids

The third line of treatment for eczema is the use of systemic medications like oral steroids. Prednisone is one of the most commonly used oral steroids given in cases of severe eczema where an immediate result is required and is given under strict supervision of the doctor. It is given as a daily dose starting with a high dosage and then is slowly tapered down once the eczema is under control. Oral steroids work by suppressing the immune system and helps in controlling the overactive immune system in the case of a person suffering from eczema. But this also makes it possible for the person to catch infections easily due to a weakened immune system and hence has to be monitored at all times. Also, in the case of a child, oral steroids may slow down growth and development and hence again one needs to be very careful.

There are other side effects as well which can be minimised by following instructions carefully and keeping a lookout for any symptoms which may arise on taking this medication. This is also done by carrying regular blood tests to determine adverse side effects if any. Due to the various side effects of this medication and its quick action, oral steroids are usually prescribed for short periods of time when results are needed fast. Bottomline, like any strong medications, one needs to take this under strict supervision and follow the doctor’s instructions about dosages  and how to start and stop taking this medication.

(Further reading: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK260241/)

Immunosuppressive medications

various tablets pills in bottle

The other third line of systemic treatments include the immunosuppressive medications like azathioprine, cyclosporine and methotrexate. These are all very powerful medications and are given only when all other options have failed to yield the desired results. All of these medications work by suppressing the immune system and hence bring the eczema under control. But once again, due to the various side effects these medications have to be given under strict supervision of the doctor prescribing this and by following all the instructions carefully. Since eczema is a chronic condition and these medications may be required to be given for long periods of time, regular testing is required to ensure that there are no side effects.

Azathioprine

Azathioprine works by tweaking the growth of certain white blood cells which contribute to the inflammation associated with eczema and thus suppresses the immune system. It takes a while longer to show results than cyclosporine and may not suitable for acute flare ups.The main side effect of azathioprine is bone marrow suppression and that is why a specific test is carried out before prescribing this medication which is called the TPMT enzyme test. This test determines the suitability of the person by determining the ease by which the person is able to break down azathioprine in the normal way. However regular testing would be required to keep a track of any adverse effect on the immune system. This medication is taken orally in the form of tablets and on a daily basis in the prescribed dosage.

We had a traumatic experience with this medication which was prescribed by a leading pediatric dermatologist in London for our then 7 year old daughter. In her case, even though she had a normal TPMT result, her body reacted disastrously to this medication and she suffered from bone marrow suppression and had to fight for her life. This was a one in a million kind of event and has never happened before to someone with normal TPMT levels. I have written about our experience in my post in 2013  and you can read about it at https://eczema-anindianperspective.com/2013/10/27/the-tough-get-going-part-2/.

Cyclosporine

Cyclosporine is another systemic immunosuppressant used to bring severe eczema under control and works by specifically blocking an important pathway in the immune system, and has different side effects than steroids. It is prescribed in low doses for eczema under strict supervision and once the eczema is under control, the medication is tapered off. One of the main risks associated with this medication is damage to the kidney especially with increased dosage and duration of medication and hence regular tests would be required to monitor the kidney activity. This medication has to be taken orally on a daily basis as per the prescribed dosage.

(I have written more about our experience of dealing with cyclosporine and azathioprine medications in my blog post where I have compared both at https://eczema-anindianperspective.com/2014/02/10/azathioprine-and-cyclopsorin-an-overview-of-two-immunosuppressive-medicines-used-to-control-my-daughters-eczema-from-a-parents-point-of-view/).

Methotrexate

Methotrexate is another systemic immunosuppressant which is used mainly in treatment for psoriasis and different types of arthritis. It is also given in low doses in cases of severe eczema and usually takes longer to work than cyclosporine. It has anti inflammatory properties and works by altering the body’s use of folic acid (a vitamin) which is needed for cell growth. Thus a folic acid supplement is a must on a daily basis for those taking this medication. This medication is taken once a week in the form of tablets. This dosage may also be split up into 2 doses taken within 24 hours to minimise any nausea that may occur. One of the main possible side effects of this medication is again adverse effects on the immune system especially on the white blood cells (which fight infection) and platelets (which help stop bleeding). Thus regular blood tests are required to keep a look out for any adverse side effects.

(Further reading- http://rheuminfo.com/medications/methotrexate/methotrexate-detailed-information)

Sometimes the hardest thing and the right thing are the same

Sometimes we don’t have a choice as far as giving strong medications to our child is concerned when the child is suffering from a severe chronic condition which adversely affects daily living. Of course we would prefer to find some alternative which is much safer and without any of the side effects that I have mentioned above. As of now we have not managed to bring our daughter’s eczema into remission and she needs constant medication in order to live a relatively normal life.

Things can also go horribly wrong like it did in our case in spite the very best of intentions. We have been very lucky and have learned to take this in our stride and be more vigilant in the future since our daughter still requires immunosuppressants to keep her severe eczema under control. This has not stopped us from looking for other options and neither should you. As one wise person had said, it does not matter how slowly you go as long as you do not stop.

Our new eczema diet and a heart full of gratitude

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It has been some time since I have put up a post. There have been a couple of developments at my end due to which I have been a bit tied up. The first and the most important one is that the combination of the new immunosuppressive medication, Methotrexate, and her new diet seem to be working for my daughter. I will be writing more on this particular diet later in this post.

The second one is that the support group for eczema that I started a few months back has been slowly gathering steam at a pace that I am comfortable with.

And last but not the least, I also want to express my gratitude and share with you this time the amazing team of doctors in Mumbai behind Aiyana’s medical treatment over the years all of whom have helped us in their own ways to deal with her severe eczema.

Diet and its impact on various disorders

diet

I had been reading about how diet affects one’s body in various ways and is especially important when dealing with autoimmune disorders and chronic conditions like eczema. Doctors do not really recommend any dietary changes unless allergy tests prove to be positive for various foods. However, I found that there more than a few genuine cases where people suffering from severe autoimmune and other disorders like Hashimoto, Lupus, Postural Tachycardia Syndrome, Irritable Bowel Syndrome as well as eczema have found relief from the symptoms due to dietary changes and have managed to go off medication completely over time.

It took me more than 6 months to come to this point of view after reading about the life altering experiences of these people and then figure out a diet which I was willing to try out on my daughter. The life stories of some of the people who influenced my decision to try out diet as an option for my daughter are captured in their blogs whose links are as given below-

http://deliciouslyella.com/philosophy/about/– This blog is by Ella who has Postural Tachycardia Syndrome, a relatively rare and painful illness with no known cure and she managed to go off her medications completely after about 18 months of changing her diet

http://www.naturallysassy.co.uk/about– This blog is by Saskia, a ballet dancer with chronic eczema since childhood and who has completely gotten rid of her eczema by altering her diet

http://www.choosingraw.com/about/– This blog is by Gena who has battled with anorexia, Irritable Bowel Syndrome and who now successfully uses a mix of raw and cooked vegan diet to keep herself healthy

http://www.amymyersmd.com/about/my-story/– The last link belongs to a website by Dr Amy Myers, a doctor of functional medicine suffering from Hashimoto’s ( a chronic and painful condition of the thyroid gland with no known cure) who has brought her severe thyroid condition under control after changing her diet/nutrition and life through meditation, yoga, supplements amongst others.

(Functional medicine integrates traditional Western medical practices with what is sometimes considered “alternative” or “integrative” medicine, creating a focus on prevention through nutrition, diet, and exercise; use of the latest laboratory testing and other diagnostic techniques; and prescribed combinations of drugs and/or botanical medicines, supplements, therapeutic diets, detoxification programs, or stress-management techniques.)

Source: https://www.functionalmedicine.org/

The Eczema Diet

Eczema-Diet-2nd-Ed-Front-Cover-192x300

In my post https://eczema-anindianperspective.com/2014/09/23/products-and-resources-which-help-to-manage-eczema/, I had very briefly mentioned that I was planning to start my daughter on a diet for eczema based on the book “The Eczema Diet” by the Australian nutritionist, Ms Karen Fischer. Her daughter had severe eczema as well when she was a 2-year-old and with changes in her diet, Karen managed to control the eczema successfully. She has since written this book based on her own experience with her daughter and the feedback over the years from her patients who have successfully brought their eczema under control using this diet.

This diet is practical and comprehensive with information on products and backed by research; it has menus and recipes for babies, children and adults. It also has non diet information like skin care products and general recommendations for eczema. The objective of this diet is to temporarily take out all the eczema unfriendly foods from the diet and add all foods which are highly nutritious and eczema safe.

There are 2 stages to this diet- Stage 1 and Stage 2 .

Stage 1 is primarily to heal the gut by avoiding foods with any kind of artificial chemicals and limiting naturally occurring eczema unfriendly chemicals (like MSG or salicylates) ; allergens (eggs, wheat or dairy products); anti nutrients (phytic acid, sugar, processed foods) and acid forming and other foods which increase itchiness (oranges, corn, tomato, dairy, grapes, dried fruits). This diet thus helps restore the acid alkaline balance in the body.

Stage 2 is an extension of the first stage where the food groups are gradually expanded by adding back different food groups in moderation ( no processed foods, artificial colourings, preservatives etc) depending on the improvement in the skin condition. The diet also has recommendations on supplements like vitamins, probiotic, glycine, flaxseed (Omega 3) amongst others which are very important in helping the body cope with eczema since the child might not be consuming adequate quantities of the same from food.

I started this diet for my daughter after going through it thoroughly and arranging for most of the eczema safe ingredients as there are quite a few changes in ingredients that we usually use at home. Infact, it took me almost a month to assimilate all the information, answer the different questionnaires and make notes and list down the essential foods and recipes as a part of my preparation before starting this diet.  It’s been about 2 months since I have started this diet for my daughter.

Since it is pretty restrictive in the first stage, I took my time to prepare my daughter mentally for what was to come in the following months by telling her about the diet. I also made her read excerpts from the book about other children who have benefited from this diet and have seen their eczema either disappear almost completely or finally come under control. Only when I was sure that she was ready for this change and that I had prepared adequately for this diet did I finally start the diet for her.

The recipes and menu

recipes

Over the past couple of months I have tried out various recipes from this book as well as developed and modified some recipes from this book using eczema safe ingredients. This is to ensure that Aiyana not only followed this diet completely with no exceptions but also had a wide variety of options to keep her from feeling deprived of all the store-bought and other foods that we are all so used to having nowadays. The good part about doing all this apart from the health benefits for my daughter is that my entire family now has much less processed foods, negligible amount of junk foods, healthier organic and fresh foods, homemade preparations of bakery and other  foods with no sugar and preservatives.

This has not been easy especially since I have had to cut out sugar, dairy, wheat, eggs and all processed foods, all spices ( apart from garlic and salt) out of her diet and give her a  very limited variety of fruits and vegetables. These last couple of months I have extremely been busy with this diet trying out the book’s recipes and new recipes almost on a daily basis since I have had to modify some of them to suit her needs and our Indian palette. This has been made more difficult since the recipes in the book are for meant to suit an European palette while we are used to our Indian spices and foods. What has helped me is my past experience with gluten-free cooking for my daughter in 2012 ( I have covered my experience in the post- “Eczema and diet” ) and my determination to ensure that I find a way to manage my daughter’s health in a more natural way in the long run.

The book can now be purchased both as a paperback and kindle version online at amazon.in.

When there’s a will there is a way

 inspire-31What encourages me is that Aiyana’s skin condition has improved in the last couple of months. Here I should also add that we had to start her new immunosuppressive medication around the same time as the diet and that the new medicine also takes 3 to 4 weeks to show results. But with my experience of giving her the third immunosuppressive medication (Cyclsosporine, Azathioprine, Methotrexate) I can say with conviction that the only medicine which has truly worked for her and made her skin completely smooth and normal all over has been oral steroid in high doses. The other medications have either just about helped keep her eczema under control (Cyclosporine) or brought about bone marrow suppression (Azathioprine); I have covered the effects of Azathioprine and our traumatic experience in my earlier post “…the tough get going (Part 2)“.

Hence, I am really happy to see that after starting her on this diet her face is totally clear of any rashes and has finally got back that healthy glow that had disappeared under the effect of all the strong medicines being given to her. I am willing to continue the hard work required to carry on with this diet and keep her motivated to follow the same for the next few months at least. I will keep you posted on further developments about my daughter’s skin condition in relation to this diet in my future posts.

 A heart full of gratitude

thank you

As the year comes to an end, I stop to count my blessings for all the good things in my life and my heart is filled with gratitude for all those doctors who have been with us in my family’s difficult journey in the past few years. In this post I would like to thank the amazing set of doctors behind Aiyana in her fight against eczema. I have briefly mentioned them in my earlier posts as well but have never mentioned their names which I do now with their consent.

 

 

Dr Shashi Merchant is Aiyana’s pediatrician from Breach Candy Hospital, Mumbai, and has known her since birth and held her as a newborn baby. She has been a pillar of strength and is unwavering in her support and care for my daughter. She gave us hope when we needed it the most in the darkest of moments when Aiyana was fighting for her life in the hospital last year. We are all lucky to have had her on our side in this journey.

Dr Amrita Talwar is Aiyana’s main dermatologist for the past 4 to 5 years now and has done much more and beyond than required as her role as a doctor. Without her help and guidance about the myriad aspects of dealing with eczema (including the essential but non medical ones) life would have been significantly more difficult for us. I have her to thank for encouraging me to write about our experience and starting this blog and for pushing me and helping me to start the Eczema Support Group.

Dr Manish Shah is a leading senior pediatric dermatologist and is the dermatologist whom we consult regarding her immunosuppressive medications and narrow band UVB treatment. He gives us advice when required and gives us much-needed guidance about giving these strong medications as well as dealing with and minimising the harsh side effects. We are very grateful to have him as Aiyana’s consultant dermatologist.

Dr Mahesh Balsekar is another well-known pediatrician in South Mumbai with Breach Candy Hospital. He is the one who diagnosed and admitted Aiyana to the hospital in time last year (Dr Merchant was on holiday at that time) which ultimately saved her life. Dr Balsekar thus gave her and the doctors at Breach Candy Hospital a chance of fighting her life threatening infection. My heart swells with gratitude for Dr Balsekar for keeping our family intact and saving my daughter’s life.

We are also grateful to the entire pediatric division of Breach Candy Hospital, haemotolgists Dr Antia and Dr Agarwal and the entire support staff at the hospital for playing a very important role in our daughter’s stay at the hospital last year.

A new year, a new beginning

new year

And so another year ends and a new one is about to begin soon. May the new year be filled with joy, laughter and good health. But may you also find the strength to overcome whatever obstacles lie in your path and remember to enjoy every precious moment with your friends and family.

From my family to yours–

A Happy 2015! 

 

Azathioprine and Cyclosporin ( an overview of two immunosuppressive medicines used to control my daughter’s eczema) from a parent’s point of view

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I seem to be putting up a post quite infrequently off late but I hope to change that soon. In my defence I can only say that I have been enjoying myself too much and was quite tied up with my brother’s wedding late last month. It went off very smoothly and now the happy couple are spending quality time in Thailand.

Those of you who follow my blog and have read my earlier posts know what happened with my daughter due to the drug Azathioprine which was given to control her otherwise very severe eczema ( I have covered this in my post ….the tough get going Part II). I am pretty sure that other parents like me who have had to either put their child on this kind of immunosuppressive drug or have had to contemplate giving it go through the kind of jitters that I do from time to time.

I am very well aware about the reason and benefit of giving this medicine to my child without which leading a normal life for her would be almost impossible given the severity of her eczema at this point in time. But it does not stop me from thinking of all the possible side effects in the process of controlling her eczema especially given the life threatening consequences of giving her azathioprine last year. It is like having Hobson’s choice in this matter which means there is really no choice at all. I am sharing our experience with you in the hope that it may help you decide what is the best line of treatment for your child with the doctor’s support and bring a smile to your child’s face by making living with severe eczema bearable.

Hobson’s choice

IMG_1262By the time we gave Aiyana azathioprine last summer, we had exhausted all the other possibilities of various triggers like allergens, environmental causes like hot or cold temperatures, irritants like detergents amongst others. We also had an intensive moisturizing and bathing regimen to control her eczema but without much success. We had tried out all levels of topical cortisteroids and immunomdulators, wet wrapping therapies, phototherapy and oral steroids all of which are usually enough to manage mild-to-moderate atopic dermatitis. Although some mild cases of atopic dermatitis can be managed with emollients (creams, lotions and ointments) alone, there are some people who might require treatment with either topical corticosteroids or immunomodulators. When all these medicines and other measures to minimize environmental influences (elimination of allergens, dust mites, irritants like detergents and heat, perspiration and dry climates) fail, systemic options like oral steroids (prednisolone) and non-steroidal immunosuppressant agent such as azathioprine, methotrexate, ciclosporin or mycophenolate are often considered.

Azathioprine and cyclosporin- 2 different types of immunosppressant drugs

In Aiyana’s case azathioprine was prescribed by a leading pediatric dermatologist in London after doing a battery of tests including the enzyme test called TPMT (thiopurine methyltransferase). This enzyme plays a critical role in the chemical breakdown of azathioprine that is, in the way the body gets rid of this drug.  If a person is TPMT deficient, the effect of a particular dose of azathioprine will be exaggerated, and it could therefore become toxic to the bone marrow and hence the TPMT test is mandatory before giving this drug. Azathioprine has been in existence since the 1960s and was initially developed to prevent organ rejection and has been used for many years in the treatment of severe eczema. It is an immunosuppresant drug that is also known as antimetabolite. It hinders the growth of lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell) which are involved in inflammation associated with eczema. Azathioprine is given by mouth, usually once daily, and most often in the form of tablets of 25mg and 50mg.  It is also available in the liquid and allows more precise dosing for young children.

Cyclopsorin is another type of immunosuppressant drug which was also originally used to prevent organ rejection in transplant patients. It is in fact derived from a type of fungus. Even though the cause of Atopic dermatitis (eczema) is not completely understood and there is no cure as of now, what is known that immunological reactions occur in the skin of people with eczema and these are controlled by white blood cells (lymphocytes) that enter the skin from the blood. Cyclosporin decreases the production of chemical messengers which “switch on” these lymphocytes and thus dampen down strong allergic and immune reactions. It is available as capsules containing 10 mg, 25 mg, 50 mg and 100 mg of cyclosporin, however for children the liquid form is easier to give as a dose (one formulation is called Neoral®).

Side effects

Azathioprine has a very serious side effect and that is  ‘bone marrow suppression’, or ‘myelosuppression’.  The bone marrow is the site of production of the most important types of cell in the blood: the red cells (RBCs), the white cells (WBCs including neutrophils and lymphocytes) and platelets (important for blood clotting). White blood cells are critical in the body’s defence against infection, and if their numbers fall drastically (as did happen with my daughter),there will be a risk of potentially serious and even life threatening infection. Over the years it became clear that the patients who developed serious bone marrow suppression generally did so because they genetically inherited low TPMT activity. As mentioned earlier, this enzyme is essential in the chemical breakdown of azathioprine and thus has to be within a particular range for a person to be given this drug.

But no tests are really 100% foolproof as we saw in my daughter’s case. In spite of her test results being absolutely bang in the middle of the normal range and thus determining her dosage, within 3 weeks of putting her on this drug, she was hospitalised in the ICU with a life threatening infection due to severe “neutropenia” or an abnormally low number of neutrophils as a result of azathioprine induced bone marrow suppression. Neutrophils usually make up 50-70% of circulating white blood cells and serve as the primary defense against infections by destroying bacteria in the blood.

Hence, as in my daughter’s case, she developed life threatening infection and it was only the prompt and quality of medical attention, broad-based and potent antibiotics and antifungal medicines that saved her life. The dermatologist who had prescribed this drug had never seen this reaction in the many years that he has been successfully prescribing this drug to other children with such severe eczema. It became clear from my daughter’s reaction that there are other genetic variants that can be missed that can also make occasional patients susceptible to such severe adverse effects even while having the desired TPMT levels and these have possibly not been studied or accounted for.

Cyclosporin on the other hand is a potent immunosuppressant and starts to work very quickly (within 1–2 weeks) and the side effects of cyclosporin are almost all ‘dose-related’. Hence the side effects depends almost entirely on the dosage a person is taking although some people are more susceptible to the side effects than others. It cannot be given for long since the longer this drug is taken the more severe the side effects become. The main side effects of cyclosporin are hypertension (high blood pressure) and reduced efficiency of the kidneys (renal toxicity).  Blood pressure and kidney function need to be checked before treatment and monitored closely throughout treatment.

Regular and strict monitoring 

As with any such potent drugs, one has to be extremely particular about monitoring the relevant organ functions throughout the course of treatment. In Aiyana’s case, blood tests are a regular feature and she has almost come to terms with it. Initially I used to take her to one of the premier hospitals in Mumbai but in the past few months a phlebotomist has been coming home to collect her blood sample. He was referred by Aiyana’s pediatrician and is very gentle with her and it has made a world of difference as far as her blood collection is concerned especially since she has to go through this on a very regular basis.

In the case of azathioprine, the blood count levels become extremely important to monitor on a regular basis to check for bone marrow suppression. The medical protocol followed worldwide in the case of azathioprine is to undertake a blood test 3 weeks after starting treatment, then 12 weeks after starting treatment, and thereafter every 3 months if all the results are normal. However, as a learning from our traumatic experience, I would urge you to be on the side of caution and undertake the blood tests for your child every week for the first one or two months and then gradually space it out as per your doctor’s advice if there is no abnormal result. Such regular blood tests are a painful thing especially for a child but it is a necessary evil and must be carried out. These tests normally comprise a full blood count (mainly to check that white blood cell numbers – particularly neutrophil numbers – are not falling below normal levels), and liver function tests to ensure that the liver is not stressed.

When cyclosporin is given as the immunosuppressant, since kidney is one of the main organs which is affected, kidney function will need to be monitored regularly particularly the serum creatinine levels since any condition that impairs the function of the kidneys is likely to raise the creatinine level in the blood. It is thus important to recognize whether the treatment is leading to kidney dysfunction or not. The other important level to be monitored are the cholesterol levels since the reduced efficiency of the kidneys can also adversely affect the cholesterol levels leading to increased risk of heart disease.

Medicine that heals is not always sweet and caring words are not always pleasant

The main reason I chose to write about these 2 powerful drugs is that while there is a lot of information available about these drugs today on the net, it is not always easy to get the most relevant facts. One can get lost in too much of information all of which might not be completely relevant to a parent but more to a medical professional. Information about the plethora of side effects and adverse reactions from these drugs is also enough to scare away any parent from giving these to their children. I have tried to compile all the relevant and important information a parent should know before giving this drug to their child and bring it in one place.

The plan of these kind of treatments to control very severe eczema is, first, to achieve major improvement in the severity of a child’s eczema and then if possible to see it clear completely, though to achieve this may take several months or even years. We have had no choice but to use this treatment on our 7-year-old daughter and I hope that our experience and learnings come of use to other children afflicted with this condition in a severe form which usually affects their lives on a daily basis.  Of course, it is not easy for a seven-year old to take this medicine twice a day and undergo repeated blood tests, but as her caregiver I do not give her any option not too simply because we do not have any. We will have to evaluate her medication in the next few months and then go ahead with the next course of treatment based on her doctors’ recommendations.

I also wanted to share our experience with azathioprine so that other parents can take an informed decision while giving this drug and not repeat our mistake. One can simply never be too cautious where one’s child is concerned.

“Being a mother is learning about strengths you didn’t know you had, and dealing with fears you didn’t know existed”

20131213_180745Aiyana now lives an almost completely normal life with minimal itching and with not much outward physical manifestations of this skin condition which has had an adverse bearing on her social life in the past. I know we are all doing the best we can with the best possible treatments available at this point in time though I am forever in search of other better options that might come our way in the future.

Even then there are some moments that I am plagued by some doubts as to whether we have done everything that we could have to prevent her eczema from being so severe or something else we have not tried so far. I am so grateful for being given a second chance with her and I am sure all those who know her and are greeted by her sunny smiles would agree with me when I say there must be something we are doing “right” after all.

..the tough get going (Part 2)

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It has been a very tough year for us and we went through the worst nightmare that any parent can ever face. But in the end, we have come out stronger as a family. And though we still have a long way to go, I am grateful for what we have and I know I will never give up this fight for my daughter’s chance at a happy, normal life.

(Please bear with me- this post is a bit long since there is a lot to cover and I do not want to break the continuity)

Family time!

Family time!

It was end April 2013 when we went for our 2 weeks trip to UK. We had a lovely time overall in London and Wales. The weather was amazing in London and we enjoyed the sun and outdoors. Aiyana was not happy that we took her to meet doctors in the middle of our holiday but she was a good sport about it. She was once again on oral steroids since mid April after being put off any medication since February. Her phototherapy had been going on as the solo treatment, but her skin suddenly started drying up very fast towards the middle of April. And within a few days her skin condition deteriorated rapidly and became absolutely dry and scaly and very itchy. She was immediately put back on oral steroids since that is the only thing that works for her immediately. Her skin condition was thus stabilised and was brought back under control.

In London, we took her to meet an experienced pediatric dermatologist at the well-known The Great Ormond street Hospital for children. We were extremely impressed with the hospital and its facilities catering exclusively to children. He gave us the confidence and hope that he would be able to manage her skin condition with the help of a immunosuppressive drug called Azathioprine. He has been using this immunosuppressive drug to control in children with severe eczema like Aiyana for the past 15 to 20 years. He assured us that it was able to control the eczema in most children and could be given to the children continuously for up to 2 years under strict monitoring. Also, once the drug was stopped after 2 years, the eczema did not come back in many of the children. They diligently carried out a series of tests on the children before starting the medication including an enzyme test called TPMT test.  Apart from the TPMT test, all her test results came back within a week and were all normal. Only her TPMT test result was left and that would take 3 weeks to come.

TPMT is an enzyme which is a critical element in determining the suitability of this drug for a patient and the optimum dosage,. One of the main side effects of Azathioprine is that it could very occasionally and unpredictably provoke adverse effects on the bone marrow. It was seen that patients on this drug who developed this serious and life threatening bone marrow suppression usually did so because they did not have this particular enzyma called  thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT for short). This enzyme is essential in metabolising the drug in the body and its deficiency in the body could lead to toxicity in the bone marrow resulting in ‘bone marrow suppression’ or ‘myelosuppression’ at a particular dose of Azathioprine.

The bone marrow is the site of production of the most important types of cell in the blood: the red blood cells (RBC), the white blood cells (including neutrophils and lymphocytes) and platelets (important for blood clotting). Since White Blood Cells (WBC) are critical in the body’s fight against infection, any large fall in their numbers can lead to serious infection which can become life threatening. Hence, we had to wait for the test  results to come back before we could begin this medication under her local dermatologist’s care.

In the meantime, we also met a pediatric allergy specialist at London’s Guys’ and St Thomas’ Hospital. He gave us quite a few pointers on her allergies, but more importantly, we were able to finally rule out most of her allergies with a much more accurate (and painless) skin scratch and patch test. These tests confirmed that she was in fact, not allergic to wheat, sesame, soy, dairy and quite a few other allergens which had shown high IgE levels in her blood allergy or RAST test. I was really happy that finally we would be able to remove her dietary restrictions (especially gluten) almost immediately. He also mentioned a home rapid allergen for detection of house dust mite allergen called Ventia™ Rapid Test for Dust Mite Allergen  from US based INDOOR Biotechnologies. I have finally bought it online in the UK and it should get delivered soon. ( I will cover these other measures that I have taken at home in a separate post)

We then came back to India in mid May and waited for her TPMT results to come out. Finally they did, and her results were very much in the normal range. The doctors gave the go ahead for Azathioprine and the TPMT test helped determine the most effective dosage for Aiyana. As per the protocol, she was scheduled for a complete blood test for blood counts (WBC and RBC), liver and kidney functions 3 weeks after the start of the medication. Her oral steroids dosage had already been tapered down gradually and Azathriopine was started on the recommended dosage.

We started the medication and after a week or so I started noticing a darkening of the areas where her eczema was most prevalent inside of her knees, elbows and the back of her neck. Also, her nails became dark as well due to the drug. The doctors were not extremely concerned at that point in time since we were  expecting some changes due to the drug. In any case, we knew that her comprehensive blood test was scheduled for 19th of June and so continued her medication for almost 3 weeks.

And then all hell broke loose.

I remember vividly it was the 15th of June, Saturday when she started losing clumps of hair. And I mean clumps/big bunch of hair just literally falling out of her head every time she moved her head or touched it. I got horrified just looking at it but managed to hide the issue from her at that time. I got in touch with her pediatrician and dermatologist in Mumbai on Saturday and they both got concerned but none of us realised the extent of the problem since there were no other symptoms at that time. I could not reach her dermatologist in London since he was travelling and unfortunately for us even her pediatrician went on her scheduled break to London that week. Her blood tests were scheduled for Wednesday, 19th June, and we knew we would come to know if something was amiss very soon. It was a very upsetting time for all of us just seeing her hair fall out like that and keep on falling. Then she developed fever on Monday evening and since her own pediatrician was on leave, I consulted another doctor who gave her some medicine to control the fever. However, her fever shot up to 104/105 F the next night and we took her to see another pediatrician referred to us by a friend on Wednesday morning.

By this time we knew something was seriously wrong with her since her fever was hardly coming down and I was awake all night sponging her head and body to bring it down. But even at that time we did not realise how serious her condition was. Fortunately for us, the pediatrician took immediate action and sent us for a lot of tests to Breach Candy Hospital directly once we told him the medication she had been on and her very high fever. We did the tests and brought her back home only to be called by the doctor within a couple of hours and was asked to immediately admit her in the hospital. In retrospect, the pediatrician’s quick response was to save her life.

Our nightmare begins

Immediately after she was admitted to Breach Candy Hospital, she was taken to the Surgical ICU by the resident haemotologist since that was the only available place at that time which could take care of her by keeping her in isolation through “barrier nursing” (nursing with utmost precaution with respect to very high rsk of infection).  We came to know that she was suffering from “myelosuppression” which had led to “severe neutropenia”.  These words were to haunt us for the next 1 month and were the very same adverse side effects which were supposed to have been ruled out by the TPMT test. In other words, her bone marrow had effectively shut down and her body was unable to resist any infections and had caught a severe infection as a result. Her counts were

  • WBC- 290/μL                                                                                                                      (Normal range- 5,000-10,000 /μL)
  • Neotrophils (a component of WBC critical in fighting off infections)-  0.00(Normal range 40-75% of total WBC count)
  • Haemoglobin- 9.2 g/dL or  grams per 100 mls                                                       (Normal range- 13-18 g/dL)
  • Platelets- 54   (Unit: x10^3/uL) ;                                                                                   (Normal range – 140-440 units)

Aiyana was put on the strongest broad spectrum antibiotics and anti fungal medicines to help her fight the infection. Since her bone marrow had practically stopped working, she was totally dependent on the antibiotics and antifungal medicines to fight the infection for her.

Life in isolation

She was thus in isolation in the ICU and only the doctors and nurses were allowed to see her and they had to wear masks, gloves and gowns and take utmost precautions so that she did not catch further infections. Even Sudip and I were not allowed to be close to her initially and could only see her from a distance. At night however, they relented and let me sleep on a chair close to the door of the ICU cubicle in my mask, gloves and gown. Initially, we were allowed to go close to her only occasionally when she cried for us in pain or looked for us when she was awake. Most of the times in the beginning she was just too weary and ill from her little body fighting off the infection and the onslaught of medicines and injections and slept through most of the day. From then on for the next 2 weeks for my baby, each day was filled with injections for antibiotics, IV fluid injections, oral medications, an injection directly to the thigh bone to stimulate her bone marrow which was extremely painful. By this time, she had also completely lost her hair apart from a few tufts here and there.

Our life then

I cannot describe the pain and trauma she went through and I cannot describe in words my feelings as I came so close to losing her. My whole family and I just went through the days in a haze and I lost track of the days and other details of my everyday life. I knew only that I had to be strong for her and that I did not have the luxury of breaking down. The doctors tried their best put up a brave front but one could see that they were also extremely worried and not totally confident of the outcome. I truly came to know what the phrase “living one day at a time” meant. Each night I used to pray, hope, fight despair at various points in time sitting in the ICU that the next day would be a marginally better one. The pain and trauma that she had undergone last year was a cake walk compared to this. Through it all I tried to lift her spirits through reading her books, playing her favourite movies on the Ipad. Towards the end she was allowed to indulge in some painting and colouring activities to keep her occupied.

I will never forget the one question that she used to ask me every day and night ” mamma, when can I go home? Please take me home with you”. The days went by in a blur and there were 3 haemotologists working on her case apart from her pediatrician (who had come back to India by then), her dermatologist and all the resident pediatricians at Breach Candy Hospital. I will remain forever grateful to all the doctors and nurses who gave her a second lease of life.

Sudip and I managed to pull through for our daughter’s sake only with the help of our immediate families, friends and well wishers. We had a lot of friends and acquaintances who came forward to help us out by donating blood and platelets which we required on a regular basis. Our friends also kept my son company at home and gave me company at the hospital whenever required.

The turning point

Finally, after a nerve-wracking 2 weeks to the day she was admitted, came the turning point on her birthday on the 4th of July. My daughter’s birthday was the first day after she got admitted that the doctors declared her to be slowly on the road to recovery and out of danger. Thanks to the nursing staff, nutrition and diet team at the hospital who had arranged for a lovely birthday cake, we celebrated the good news. I think I started breathing once again that day and after that it was a very slow but definite road to recovery.

We used to all wait with bated breath for Aiyana’s full blood count every morning to monitor her recovery and  the doctors would adjust the medications accordingly.  She essentially had to undergo blood tests every day for 3 weeks that she was in the ICU and countless other injections including IV fluids. Later, the doctors were to say that it was my darling, brave Aiyana who gave them the hope and courage to fight this infection for her. My 7 year old daughter somehow managed to find the strength to greet us and her care givers with a smile and gave Sudip and I the strength to look for the silver lining when there were only dark clouds around. She was discharged with almost normal blood counts about 4 weeks after she was admitted.

IMG_1530

Life for us today

Today Aiyana has completely recovered from the ill effects of the drug but her eczema remains as severe. We had given her this medicine knowing the dangers since we have had no choice but to help control her extremely severe eczema that restricts her from leading a normal and comfortable life. But inspite of taking all due precautions and following due protocol our daughter’s life was put in extreme danger. As far as the doctors (in UK) have been able to guess, this happened due to a so far undiscovered gene that makes one highly vulnerable to this side effect. We will get her DNA testing done eventually to prevent this from happening to any other child.

If only we had been extra cautious and monitored this drug on a weekly basis instead of after 3 weeks as per the protocol for Azathioprine. But this is all in hindsight as we (including her doctors) truly did what we though was best for our child. As a parent, you can learn from our experience as we have done the hard way. You cannot be too cautious in monitoring any drug that you give your child no matter what the protocol is or what the doctor says.

Since her hospitalisation, her eczema was kept under control with the help of oral steroids. She has been on oral steroids for more than 6 months now and it needs to be tapered slowly since it has its own side effects. She has once again been put on the same immunosuppressant drug Cyclosporin (she took it well without showing any side effects) she was given last year to control her eczema which has remained as severe as before. However, I am continuously exploring other options which I have to take up very cautiously given our recent experience (but that is for another post and another day since this is one is already too long)

I do not give up hope that I will find a better way to control my daughter’s eczema and help her lead a normal life. I owe it to my brave little girl who has shown us what being strong is all about. You should take heart from our experience and continue to fight for your child.

After all, what does not break us makes us stronger.

When the going (eczema) gets tough…..(part 1)

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IMG_0414

Aiyana and Shaunak in Goa

After Aiyana’s (and our) experience with Erythroderma in September 2012 we decided to take a much needed vacation. We ( Sudip and I, my mother and the kids) went for a one week holiday to Goa during the children’s Diwali break in November 2012. Goa is a small state in India on the Western coastline known as the Konkan region and is famed for its silvery beaches and is visited by tourists from all over the world. While we had a good time overall, her skin condition was just kept under control with oral steroids and immunosuppressants. Due to this reason, as a family we had decided to keep her away and stay away from the sea water and the swimming pool (the chlorine in the water tends to irritate sensitive skin).

Also, since Aiyana had been kept on a gluten free diet after her Ige ( blood allergy test) test had come positive to wheat allergen, it did pose some challenges as far as the food was concerned.  In order to manage her dietary restrictions, I had figured out the alternative food choices and some good gluten free products like Orgran and Bob’s Mill which are available in Mumbai (I wil be writing more on this in a separate post) . The hotel that we were staying in were also extremely helpful in catering to our special dietary needs and used to make us special gluten free parathas/rotis etc from the mix that I had taken with me. Overall I think we managed pretty well considering that in India dietary needs like gluten free/nut free/diabetic/allergy specific diets are not usually catered to in most places yet due to various reasons. As far as gluten allergy (foods containing gluten includes wheat or atta, maida, barley, malt, semolina or sooji) is concerned, it is quite uncommon in India and most people are not well versed with the specifics of this diet.

Under the influence of oral steroids (which we had started tapering) and after introducing an immunosuppressant (Cyclosporin)in September, her skin was much better overall. Itching however never completely went away.  The drug dosage was increased very slowly to the optimum level (depending on her weight) since the doctors did not want to take a chance with any adverse  reaction. With a powerful drug like Cyclosporin, it is imperative to monitor the effects ( increased blood pressure and reduced kidney function amongst others) of the drug on a regular basis. Hence, weekly blood tests were carried out initially after which it was carried out fortnightly and then monthly towards the end. I don’t know which was more traumatic for Aiyana, the skin condition or the blood tests.. This constant monitoring which is required made it difficult for Aiyana to go through with this treatment, but there was no option as such.

After consulting a Mumbai based senior pediatric dermatologist, we also started narrow band UV (ultra violet) treatment or phototherapy for her in November 2012. It is a type of treatment for adults and children with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis (also used for psoriasis) who have not responded well to other eczema treatments. Exposing the skin to UV light suppresses overactive skin immune system cells that cause inflammation and hence can control itching and rashes. The benefits of using phototherapy are that these therapies often work when other eczema treatments have not, and if done properly in a controlled environment and under supervision they can actually have fewer side effects than many of the prescription medicines used for eczema. In Aiyana’s case, her doctors wanted to eventually stop all oral medications and control her eczema with the help of narrow band UV therapy only.

Narrow band UV booth used for phototherapy

Narrow band UV booth used for phototherapy

So, while Phototherapy treatment continued, oral steroids was stopped completely in December 2012 and Cyclosporin (immunosuppressant) was stopped in February 2013. Her skin was overall in a good condition till the time that these medications were being given to her. Phototherapy treatment,  which had been started earlier was then continued as the solo treatment for her till April 2013. Phototherapy as a treatment did not prove to be very effective for Aiyana and her skin condition started relapsing  once again in April and within a few days became extremely dry, scaly and itchy. No amount of topical applications and moisturizers helped to control the same and Aiyana had to be once again put on oral steroids from mid April to stop it from deteriorating any further.

The good thing was that we had already planned for and arranged a trip end of April to meet a well known pediatric dermatologist in Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children and a pediatric allergy specialist in London. We came back to India and started her new medication at the end of May 2013 (I will write about our experience in Part 2 of  this post ; a lot happened after we came back and it might be an important lesson for parents using immunosuppressant for their child ) .While the results were not exactly what we had hoped for it did clear up some doubts as far as her allergies were concerned. The pediatric allergy specialist did a much more accurate (and painless) scratch test and patch test for her allergies and we were then able to include most of the foods back in her diet barring tree nuts (walnuts, hazelnut, peanut etc).

However, things were to become much worse for us before we got it back under control. There are so many things I wish I could have done differently for her if only I had known what was about to happen. But that is only wishful thinking on my part since it is only in hindsight that we have the perfect vision!

But what I do know is that we all do what we can for our children and that I will never give up finding the best possible treatments and course of action for my daughter. She is such a brave little girl who needs all my love, strength and support to see her through this difficult phase in life.